HTML Content Languages
HTML Base Document Language
It’s a good practice to declare the primary language of the document in the HTML element:
<html lang="en">
If no other lang attribute is specified in the document, it means that everything (i.e., element content and attribute text values) is in that language. If the document contains parts in other languages, these parts should get their own lang attributes to "overwrite" the language declaration.
HTML Element Language
The lang attribute is used to specify the language of element content and attribute text values:
<p lang="en">The content of this element is in English.</p>
<p lang="en" title="The value of this attribute is also in English.">The content of this element is in English.</p>
The language declaration gets inherited:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML Iframes</title>
</head>
<body>
<div lang="en">
<p>This element contains English content.</p>
<p title="This attribute, too.">Same with this element.</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Elements with Multiple Languages
You can "overwrite" a language declaration:
<p lang="en">This English sentence contains the German word <span lang="de">Hallo</span>.</p>
Regional URLs
It is possible to add the attribute hreflang to the elements <a> and <area> that create hyperlinks. Such it specifies the language of the linked resource. The language defined must be a valid BCP 47[1] language tag.
<p>
<a href="example.org" hreflang="en">example.org</a> is one of IANA's example domains.
</p>
Handling Attributes with Different Languages
You can "overwrite" a parent element's language declaration by introducing any element apart from applet, base, basefont, br, frame, frameset, hr, iframe, meta, param, script (of HTML 4.0) with an own lang attribute:
<p lang="en" title="An English paragraph">
<span lang="de" title="A German sentence">Hallo Welt!</span>
</p>
ISO Country Codes
| Country | ISO Code |
|---|---|
| AFGHANISTAN | AF |
| ALBANIA | AL |
| ALGERIA | DZ |
| AMERICAN SAMOA | AS |
| ANDORRA | AD |
| ANGOLA | AO |
| ANTARCTICA | AQ |
| ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA | AG |
| ARGENTINA | AR |
| ARMENIA | AM |
| ARUBA | AW |
| AUSTRALIA | AU |
| AUSTRIA | AT |
| AZERBAIJAN | AZ |
| BAHAMAS | BS |
| BAHRAIN | BH |
| BANGLADESH | BD |
| BARBADOS | BB |
| BELARUS | BY |
| BELGIUM | BE |
| BELIZE | BZ |
| BENIN | BJ |
| BERMUDA | BM |
| BHUTAN | BT |
| BOLIVIA | BO |
| BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA | BA |
| BOTSWANA | BW |
| BOUVET ISLAND | BV |
| BRAZIL | BR |
| BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TERRITORY | IO |
| BRUNEI DARUSSALAM | BN |
| BULGARIA | BG |
| BURKINA FASO | BF |
| BURUNDI | BI |
| CAMBODIA | KH |
| CAMEROON | CM |
| CANADA | CA |
| CAPE VERDE | CV |
| CAYMAN ISLANDS | KY |
| CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC | CF |
| CHAD | TD |
| CHILE | CL |
| CHINA | CN |
| CHRISTMAS ISLAND | CX |
| COCOS (KEELING) ISLANDS | CC |
| COLOMBIA | CO |
| COMOROS | KM |
| CONGO | CG |
| CONGO, THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE | CD |
| COOK ISLANDS | CK |
| COSTA RICA | CR |
| CÔTE D'IVOIRE | CI |
| CROATIA | HR |
| CUBA | CU |
| CYPRUS | CY |
| CZECH REPUBLIC | CZ |
| DENMARK | DK |
| DJIBOUTI | DJ |
| DOMINICA | DM |
| DOMINICAN REPUBLIC | DO |
| ECUADOR | EC |
| EGYPT | EG |
| EL SALVADOR | SV |
| EQUATORIAL GUINEA | GQ |
| ERITREA | ER |
| ESTONIA | EE |
| ETHIOPIA | ET |
| FALKLAND ISLANDS (MALVINAS) | FK |
| FAROE ISLANDS | FO |
| FIJI | FJ |
| FINLAND | FI |
| FRANCE | FR |
| FRENCH GUIANA | GF |
| FRENCH POLYNESIA | PF |
| FRENCH SOUTHERN TERRITORIES | TF |
| GABON | GA |
| GAMBIA | GM |
| GEORGIA | GE |
| GERMANY | DE |
| GHANA | GH |
| GIBRALTAR | GI |
| GREECE | GR |
| GREENLAND | GL |
| GRENADA | GD |
| GUADELOUPE | GP |
| GUAM | GU |
| GUATEMALA | GT |
| GUINEA | GN |
| GUINEA-BISSAU | GW |
| GUYANA | GY |
| HAITI | HT |
| HEARD ISLAND AND MCDONALD ISLANDS | HM |
| HONDURAS | HN |
| HONG KONG | HK |
| HUNGARY | HU |
| ICELAND | IS |
| INDIA | IN |
| INDONESIA | ID |
| IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF | IR |
| IRAQ | IQ |
| IRELAND | IE |
| ISRAEL | IL |
| ITALY | IT |
| JAMAICA | JM |
| JAPAN | JP |
| JORDAN | JO |
| KAZAKHSTAN | KZ |
| KENYA | KE |
| KIRIBATI | KI |
| KOREA, DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF | KP |
| KOREA, REPUBLIC OF | KR |
| KUWAIT | KW |
| KYRGYZSTAN | KG |
| LAO PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC (LAOS) | LA |
| LATVIA | LV |
| LEBANON | LB |
| LESOTHO | LS |
| LIBERIA | LR |
| LIBYA, STATE OF | LY |
| LIECHTENSTEIN | LI |
| LITHUANIA | LT |
| LUXEMBOURG | LU |
| MACAO | MO |
| MACEDONIA, THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF | MK |
| MADAGASCAR | MG |
| MALAWI | MW |
| MALAYSIA | MY |
| MALDIVES | MV |
| MALI | ML |
| MALTA | MT |
| MARSHALL ISLANDS | MH |
| MARTINIQUE | MQ |
| MAURITANIA | MR |
| MAURITIUS | MU |
| MAYOTTE | YT |
| MEXICO | MX |
| MICRONESIA, FEDERATED STATES OF | FM |
| MOLDOVA, REPUBLIC OF | MD |
| MONACO | MC |
| MONGOLIA | MN |
| MONTENEGRO | ME |
| MONTSERRAT | MS |
| MOROCCO | MA |
| MOZAMBIQUE | MZ |
| MYANMAR | MM |
| NAMIBIA | NA |
| NAURU | NR |
| NEPAL, FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF | NP |
| NETHERLANDS | NL |
| NETHERLANDS ANTILLES | AN |
| NEW CALEDONIA | NC |
| NEW ZEALAND | NZ |
| NICARAGUA | NI |
| NIGER | NE |
| NIGERIA | NG |
| NIUE | NU |
| NORFOLK ISLAND | NF |
| NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS | MP |
| NORWAY | NO |
| OMAN | OM |
| PAKISTAN | PK |
| PALAU | PW |
| PALESTINE, STATE OF | PS |
| PANAMA | PA |
| PAPUA NEW GUINEA | PG |
| PARAGUAY | PY |
| PERU | PE |
| PHILIPPINES | PH |
| PITCAIRN | PN |
| POLAND | PL |
| PORTUGAL | PT |
| PUERTO RICO | PR |
| QATAR | QA |
| RÉUNION | RE |
| ROMANIA | RO |
| RUSSIAN FEDERATION | RU |
| RWANDA | RW |
| SAINT HELENA | SH |
| SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS | KN |
| SAINT LUCIA | LC |
| SAINT PIERRE AND MIQUELON | PM |
| SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES | VC |
| SAMOA | WS |
| SAN MARINO | SM |
| SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE | ST |
| SAUDI ARABIA | SA |
| SENEGAL | SN |
| SERBIA | RS |
| SEYCHELLES | SC |
| SIERRA LEONE | SL |
| SINGAPORE | SG |
| SLOVAKIA | SK |
| SLOVENIA | SI |
| SOLOMON ISLANDS | SB |
| SOMALIA | SO |
| SOUTH AFRICA | ZA |
| SOUTH GEORGIA AND THE SOUTH SANDWICH ISLANDS | GS |
| SOUTH SUDAN | SS |
| SPAIN | ES |
| SRI LANKA | LK |
| SUDAN | SD |
| SURINAME | SR |
| SVALBARD AND JAN MAYEN | SJ |
| SWAZILAND | SZ |
| SWEDEN | SE |
| SWITZERLAND | CH |
| SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC | SY |
| TAIWAN | TW |
| TAJIKISTAN | TJ |
| TANZANIA, UNITED REPUBLIC OF | TZ |
| THAILAND | TH |
| TIMOR-LESTE | TL |
| TOGO | TG |
| TOKELAU | TK |
| TONGA | TO |
| TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO | TT |
| TUNISIA | TN |
| TURKEY | TR |
| TURKMENISTAN | TM |
| TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS | TC |
| TUVALU | TV |
| UGANDA | UG |
| UKRAINE | UA |
| UNITED ARAB EMIRATES | AE |
| UNITED KINGDOM | GB |
| UNITED STATES | US |
| UNITED STATES MINOR OUTLYING ISLANDS | UM |
| URUGUAY | UY |
| UZBEKISTAN | UZ |
| VANUATU | VU |
| VENEZUELA | VE |
| VIET NAM | VN |
| VIRGIN ISLANDS, BRITISH | VG |
| VIRGIN ISLANDS, U.S. | VI |
| WALLIS AND FUTUNA | WF |
| WESTERN SAHARA | EH |
| YEMEN | YE |
| ZAMBIA | ZM |
| ZIMBABWE | ZW |
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