HTML Sectioning Elements
HTML Sectioning Elements navbar elements , Article Element Header Element and navbar elements with HTML example
HTML Nav Element
The <nav> element is primarily intended to be used for sections that contain main navigation blocks for the website, this can include links to other parts of the web page (e.g. anchors for a table of contents) or other pages entirely.
Inline items
The following will display an inline set of hyperlinks.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Atutorialhub demo title</title>
</head>
<body>
<nav>
<a href="https://google.com">Google</a>
<a href="https://www.yahoo.com">Yahoo!</a>
<a href="https://www.bing.com">Bing</a>
</nav>
</body>
</html>
Use list items when needed in HTML navbar elements
If the content represents a list of items, use a list item to show this and enhance the user experience.
Note the role="navigation", more on this below.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Atutorialhub demo title</title>
</head>
<body>
<nav role="navigation">
<ul>
<li><a href="https://google.com">Google</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.yahoo.com">Yahoo!</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.bing.com">Bing</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</body>
</html>
Avoid unnecessary usage
<footer> elements may have a list of links to other parts of the site (FAQ, T&C, etc.). The footer element alone is sufficient in this case, you don't need to further wrap your links with a <nav> element in the <footer>.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Atutorialhub demo title</title>
</head>
<body>
<nav role="navigation">
<ul>
<li><a href="https://google.com">Google</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.yahoo.com">Yahoo!</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.bing.com">Bing</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<!-- the <nav> is not required in the <footer> -->
<footer>
<nav>
<a href="#">...</a>
</nav>
</footer>
<!-- The footer alone is sufficient -->
<footer>
<a href="#">...</a>
</footer>
</body>
</html>
Notes:
<main> element descendants are not allowed within a <nav> Adding a role="navigation" ARIA role to the <nav> element is advised to aid user agents that don't support HTML5 and also to provide more context for those that do.
<nav role="navigation"><!-- ... --></nav>
Screen Readers: (software that allows blind or visually impaired users to navigate the site) User agents like screen readers will interpret the <nav> element differently depending on their requirements.
- It could give the <nav> element a higher priority when rendering the page
- It could delay the rendering of the element
- It could adapt the page in a specific way to tailor for the user's needs example: make the text links within the <nav> elements larger for someone who's visually impaired.
HTML Article Element
The <article> element contains self-contained content like articles, blog posts, user comments, or an interactive widget that could be distributed outside the context of the page, for example by RSS. When article elements are nested, the contents of the inner article node should be related to the outer article element. A blog (section) with multiple posts (article), and comments (article) might look something like this.
<article>
<header>
<h1>Blog Post</h1>
<time datetime="2016-03-13">13th March 2016</time>
</header>
<p>The article element represents a self contained article or document.</p>
<p>The section element represents a grouping of content.</p>
<section>
<h2>Comments <small>relating to "Blog Post"</small></h2>
<!-- Related comment is also a self-contained article -->
<article id="user-comment-1">
<p>Excellent!</p>
<footer>
<p>...</p><time>...</time>
</footer>
</article>
</section>
</article>
<!-- ./repeat: <article> -->
</section>
Example:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Atutorialhub demo title</title>
</head>
<body>
<nav role="navigation">
<ul>
<li><a href="https://google.com">Google</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.yahoo.com">Yahoo!</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.bing.com">Bing</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<!-- the <nav> is not required in the <footer> -->
<section>
<!-- Each individual blog post is an <article> -->
<article>
<header>
<h1>Blog Post</h1>
<time datetime="2016-03-13">13th March 2016</time>
</header>
<p>The article element represents a self contained article or document.</p>
<p>The section element represents a grouping of content.</p>
<section>
<h2>Comments <small>relating to "Blog Post"</small></h2>
<!-- Related comment is also a self-contained article -->
<article id="user-comment-1">
<p>Excellent!</p>
<footer>
<p>...</p><time>...</time>
</footer>
</article>
</section>
</article>
<!-- ./repeat: <article> -->
</section>
<!-- Content unrelated to the blog or posts should be outside the section. -->
<footer>
<p>This content should be unrelated to the blog.</p>
</footer>
</body>
</html>
Avoid unnecessary usage
When the main content of the page (excluding headers, footers, navigation bars, etc.) is simply one group of elements. You can omit the <article> in favour of the <main> element.
<article>
<p>This doesn't make sense, this article has no real `context`.</p>
</article>
Instead, replace the article with a <main> element to indicate this is the main content for this page.
<main>
<p>I'm the main content, I don't need to belong to an article.</p>
</main>
If you use another element, ensure you specify the <main> ARIA role for correct interpretation and rendering across multiple devices and non HTML5 browsers.
<section role="main">
<p>This section is the main content of this page.</p>
</section>
HTML Main Element
The <main> element contains the main content for your web page. This content is unique to the individual page, and should not appear elsewhere on the site. Repeating content like headers, footers, navigation, logos, etc., is placed outside the element.
The <main> element should only ever be used at most once on a single page. The <main> element must not be included as a descendant of an article, aside, footer, header, or nav element.
In the following example, we're displaying a single blog post (and related information like references and comments).
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Atutorialhub demo title</title>
</head>
<body>
<header>
<nav>...</nav>
</header>
<main>
<h1>Individual Blog Post</h1>
<p>An introduction for the post.</p>
<article>
<h2>References</h2>
<p>...</p>
</article>
<article>
<h2>Comments</h2> ...
</article>
</main>
<footer>...</footer>
</body>
</html>
- The blog post is contained within the <main> element to indicate this is the main content for this page (and therefore, unique across the website).
- The <header> and <footer> tags are siblings to the <main> element.
HTML Header Element
The <header> element represents introductory content for its nearest ancestor sectioning content or sectioning root element. A <header> typically contains a group of introductory or navigational aids.
Note: The header element is not sectioning content; it doesn’t introduce a new section.
Examples:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Atutorialhub demo title</title>
</head>
<body>
<header>
<p>Welcome to...</p>
<h1>Voidwars!</h1>
</header>
In this example, the
<article> has a
<header>.
<article>
<header>
<h1>Flexbox: The definitive guide</h1>
</header>
<p>The guide about Flexbox was supposed to be here, but it turned out Wes wasn’t a Flexbox expert
either.</p>
</article>
</header>
</article>
</body>
</html>
HTML Footer Element
The <footer> element contains the footer part of the page. Here is an example for <footer> element that contain p paragraph tag.
<footer>
<p>All rights reserved</p>
</footer>
HTML Section Element
The <section> element represents a generic section to thematically group content. Every section, typically, should be able to be identified with a heading element as a child of the section.
- You can use the <section> element within an <article> and vice-versa.
- Every section should have a theme (a heading element identifying this region)
- Don't use the <section> element as a general styling 'container'. If you need a container to apply styling, use a <div> instead.
In the following example, we're displaying a single blog post with multiple chapters each chapter is a section (a set of thematically grouped content, which can be identified by the heading elements in each section).
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Atutorialhub demo title</title>
</head>
<body>
<article>
<header>
<h2>Blog Post</h2>
</header>
<p>An introduction for the post.</p>
<section>
<h3>Chapter 1</h3>
<p>...</p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Chapter 2</h3>
<p>...</p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Comments</h3> ...
</section>
</article>
</body>
</html>
HTML Navigation Bars
Navigation bars are essentially a list of links, so the ul and li elements are used to encase navigation links.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Atutorialhub demo title</title>
</head>
<body>
<ul>
<li><a href="#">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#">About</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Contact</a></li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
HTML5 Navigation Bar
To make a navigation bar using the HTML5 nav element, encase the links within the nav tag.
<nav>
<a href="#">Home</a>
<a href="#">About</a>
<a href="#">Contact</a>
</nav>
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